He lived 1544 to 1603 and studied static electricity and magnetism.
He lived 1580 to 1626, first discussed loxodrome paths on sphere that make constant angles with meridians, and invented Snell's law [1621].
He lived [1608 to 1647] and invented Torricelli's theorem [1641]. Nature does not abhor vacuum.
He lived 1635 to 1703, invented Hooke's law [1660], and observed cork cells under microscope [1663]. He invented universal joint, iris diaphragm, anchor escapement {anchor escapement}, and balance spring [1660].
He lived 1686 to 1736 and invented Fahrenheit thermometer [1714].
He lived 1666 to 1736 and studied electrical conductors and insulators [1729 to 1732].
He lived 1698 to 1739 and studied positive and negative electric charge transfers, calling them vitreous and resinous [1737].
He lived 1701 to 1744 and invented centigrade or Celsius thermometer [1742].
He lived 1731 to 1810 and studied specific heat, discovered hydrogen gas [1785], measured gravity of 10000-gram mass [1798], and found Earth mass and density [1798].
He lived 1746 to 1823 and invented Charles' law [1787].
He lived 1753 to 1814 and studied heat from work and friction [1798].
He lived 1773 to 1829, invented Young's modulus, developed light-wave theory, and analyzed light-interference patterns [1801]. Prism colors add to make brightness. Different colored-light ratios make all intermediate colors [1801]. Eye lens accommodates to different distances by changing anterior surface curvature. Color vision mixes signals from three retinal channels.
He lived 1778 to 1829, discovered nitrous oxide exhilarating and anesthetic effects [1806], and split compounds using electricity.
He lived 1787 to 1826 and described Fraunhofer lines [1812].
He lived 1777 to 1851 and found that moving charge has magnetic field [1819].
He lived 1775 to 1836 and studied magnetic fields around conductors [1820 to 1827].
He lived 1785 to 1836 and studied fluid dynamics [1821 to 1822].
He lived 1788 to 1827, developed Fresnel integral, and applied it to making lenses for refraction [1822].
He lived 1796 to 1832 and invented heat-engine theory.
He lived 1789 to 1854 and invented Ohm's law [1827].
He lived 1797 to 1878 and induced current magnetically and studied self-inductance [1832].
He lived 1803 to 1853 and discovered Doppler effect [1842].
He lived 1819 to 1868, invented Foucault pendulum [1848], and studied refraction index [1850].
He lived 1818 to 1889 and studied heat in conductors. Work and heat are energies [1851].
He lived 1842 to 1919, studied traveling waves, studied hydrodynamics {hydrodynamic similarity}, studied frictionless-tube compressible flow with heat transfer {Rayleigh flow} [1885], discovered argon [1894], and described light scattering [1871]. He calculated black-body radiation distribution at low and high frequencies {Rayleigh-Jeans radiation}, with James Jeans [1900], which indicated that all energy goes into higher field frequencies over time {ultraviolet catastrophe}, which is impossible.
He lived 1824 to 1907, invented Kelvin temperature scale [1876], and studied thermodynamics.
He lived 1842 to 1912 and studied hydraulics and hydrodynamics, especially turbulent flow and when fluid transitions from laminar to turbulent flow {hydrodynamic stability} [1883 to 1889].
He lived 1856 to 1940 and studied gas electrons and electrical conduction [1885].
He lived 1857 to 1894 and invented radio waves [1888].
He lived 1864 to 1941, invented thermodynamic energy equation or Nernst equation [18], and studied matter at absolute zero and thermodynamics, including photo chain reactions [1918].
He lived 1845 to 1923 and discovered x-rays [1895].
He lived 1864 to 1928 and studied black body radiation [1898].
She lived 1867 to 1934 and discovered radium [1903].
He lived 1875 to 1953. Flow has two regions. One is potential flow, with incompressible and non-rotating fluid. The other is thin boundary layer next to tube or obstruction, where there are viscous effects and where surface interacts thermally and mechanically with fluid [1904]. Wing induces drag as it lifts {lifting line theory, Prandtl} [1920].
He lived 1894 to 1968 and worked on control and feedback [1930 to 1939]. First, people provided goals, energy, and control for primitive tools like ax. Next, machines provided energy, and people provided goals and monitored machines. Now, people provide goals, and machines provide energy and control. In the future, machines will determine their goals.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225